Breast cancer is almost always a type of carcinoma (cancer that forms in the epithelial tissue) because it typically starts in the lining of the breast, says Dr. Hamilton. There are two types of non-invasive carcinomas, she says.
- Ductal carcinoma in situ means that the cancer cells are in the breast ducts.
- Lobular carcinoma in situ means that the cancer cells are in the breast lobules.
These may be called pre-cancers, or Stage 0 cancers, because they have not progressed to the point of forming a mass or tumor or becoming invasive, explains Dr. Hamilton, adding that this is the earliest breast cancer can be caught.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) starts in the milk ducts and accounts for about 80% of all breast cancers, says Dr. Mendez. IDC spreads to tissue outside of the milk duct, potentially metastasizing to other parts of the body, she explains.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), accounting for 10% of all breast cancer cases, begins in the lobules or milk glands of the breast and spreads to surrounding tissues and other areas of the body, says Dr. Mendez. ILC is more likely to occur in both breasts than other types of breast cancers, adds Dr. Prati.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive type of cancer, says Dr. Mendez. According to the American Cancer Society, it accounts for 1-5% of breast cancers. IBC cells block lymph vessels in the breast, which may cause the skin to become red and swollen, she says, adding that IBC tends to affect younger people and can progress quickly.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) occurs in 10-15% of all breast cancer cases, according to the American Cancer Society. TNBC tests negative for three of the receptors that drive other forms of breast cancer—the hormones estrogen and progesterone, and a protein monoclonal antibody called HER-2, says Dr. Mendez.
Hormone receptors are proteins found in and on breast cells that pick-up hormone signals telling the cells to grow, says Dr. Mendez. Because the tumor cells in TNBC lack the necessary receptors, common treatments are ineffective, making it the hardest breast cancer to beat, she says. What’s more, TNBC is more aggressive than other forms of breast cancer.
Rare Forms of Breast Cancer
- Paget disease of the breast is a rare form of breast cancer that starts on the nipple and extends to the dark circle of skin (areola) around the nipple, says Dr. Hamilton.
- Phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare breast tumors that start in the connective tissue of the breast, says Dr. Hamilton. Most are benign, but can be difficult to remove completely, she says.
- Angiosarcoma is rare, developing in the blood or lymphatic vessels of the breast, says Dr. Hamilton. It occurs in the breast and skin of the arms and spreads rapidly, she says.
- Male breast cancer is rare, occurring in 1% of breast cancer cases, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Because men don’t get mammograms and may not be aware of their risk of developing breast cancer, they are usually diagnosed at a later stage, says Dr. Mendez.
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What Is Breast Cancer? Types, Symptoms, Causes, Stages And More - Forbes
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